A persistent increase in blood pressure is observed in approximately the adult population of the planet. In the risk of hypertension risk group are people over 40, especially men. Representatives of opposite sex also suffer from this disease, but much less frequently and usually at an advanced age. In women, hypertension usually occurs after 50 years during menopause. This is due to the imbalance of hormones in the body due to the cessation of the production of sex hormones with ovaries.
Fortunately, modern medicine has an extensive arsenal of cardiotropic drugs that allow to control blood pressure in patients, thus preventing the development of cardiovascular disasters, improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients. At the same time, an important role in the effectiveness of treatment is played by the patient's lifestyle, in all cases of the disease, it is recommended to rejection of bad habits, reduction in body weight, moderate physical activity, salt consumption restriction.
What is arterial hypertension
This is a persistent increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 130 and 80 mm Hg. It can be independent (essential hypertension) and continue the symptom structure of other diseases.
Hundreds in constant vascular tension and lose their functions, this affects the work of the entire cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is important, with a persistent increase in blood pressure above 130/80 mm Hgentre in contact with the doctor or cardiologist to examine and select medications for regular blood pressure control.
Depending on pressure indicators, 3 degrees of hypertension are distinguished. The first is characterized by an increase in systolic pressure to 160 mm hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 100 mm hg. Art. The second is characterized by indicators of up to 180 and 110 mm Hg. Art. , For the third - over 180 and more than 110 mm Hg. Art. respectively. During the diagnosis, only one indicator is sufficient for the doctor to diagnose hypertension and establish its degree.
Reasons
The exhaustive list of factors that cause the disease does not exist, but scientists have been able to establish a direct dependence on high blood pressure in some diseases, conditions and habits to which they include:
- Hereditary predisposition;
- prolonged stress;
- overweight body weight;
- Diabetes and other endocrine disorders in history;
- kidney diseases, adrenal glands;
- Age -related changes in the circulatory system;
- much salt consumption;
- use of hormonal contraception;
- Alcohol abuse, smoking;
- The untt controlled use of vasoconstricitive nasal drops, coffee abuse.
- lack of physical activity;
- Elderly age.
Symptoms
Patients may not suffer symptoms of hypertension, with a long -occasive syndrome, due to the adaptation of blood vessels to high blood pressure numbers. Characteristic signs of the disease, headache and non -systemic dizziness can be distinguished. "Flies" in the eyes, tides, rapid heartbeat seizures, nasal bleeding and noise in the ears can also be observed.
The signs listed above may be more or less pronounced, depends on the individual characteristics of the human body. However, regardless of the degree of manifestation, it is necessary, in any case, to seek medical help to normalize blood pressure, careful examination and prescription therapy.
If the pathology is not accompanied by any symptoms, it does not mean that it is not dangerous and does not affect the condition of the vascular walls. To detect asymptomatic hypertension in risk group people, it is advisable to regularly control the pressure using a tonometro.
With an increase in blood pressure above 140 by 90 mm hg. Art. , As in the presence of clinical symptoms in the form of headaches, shortness of breath, heart pain, nasal bleeding should be caused by the ambulance. Hypertonic crisis as a complication, the condition that requires emergency medical assistance. In the absence of this, the state can gain a threatening character of life and lead to serious complications and even the patient's death.
Diagnosis
When suspicious symptoms appear, first and foremost, it is important to visit a therapist or cardiologist. In the initial appointment, the doctor carefully examines the patient, measures blood pressure and collects an anamnesis.
The expert clarifies the necessary information to determine the examination and treatment tactics. Includes concomitant chronic diseases, drugs, bad habits, heredity in cardiovascular disease and physical activity of the patient.
Then the doctor prescribes laboratory and instrumental studies. Clinical protocols are recommended to direct the patient to general blood and urine clinical tests, to determine the level of glucose, electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, sodium), lipid profile indicators, creatinine, urea, uric acid, TSH hormones, T3 andT4 free to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland.
It is imperative to perform electrocardiography, echocardiography, daily monitoring of blood pressure (MAMD). Send the patient to the doctor an ophthalmologist to examine the bloody vessels. The presence of retinal angiopathy is one of its most important diagnostic criteria for hypertension.
Hypertension Treatment
The direction of therapy depends on the degree of arterial hypertension, the severity of the state, the causes of pathology and other factors. First of all, it is important to change the lifestyle: abandon bad habits, connect regular training or long walks to fresh air and abandon a large amount of salt. But in most cases, patients need regular drug use, daily blood pressure monitoring.
In some cases, surgical intervention (eg, removal of neoplasia in the adrenal gland) is required. If the pathological process is secondary (it is a consequence of a disease), treatment should be intended to eliminate the main disease.
Recommended medicines
The therapeutic scheme is developed for each patient individually. As a rule, the following means are used for therapy:
- ECA inhibitors. Such medications reduce pressure, reducing total peripheral vascular resistance. They are first -rate medicines and are released according to the doctor's prescription.
- Angiotensin II receptors antagonists have a similar mechanism of action, are prescribed for intolerance to ACE inhibitors or in the presence of against -indications for them.
- Betabloquers. They work due to blockage of β1-adrenergic receptors located in the heart. This leads to a change in heart innervation, a decrease in the frequency and strength of cardiac contractions, a decrease in pressure. Priority in patients with concomitant heart rate disorders.
- Calcium antagonists. Its main property is the ability to reversibly inhibit calcium movement in cellular structures. The medicines of this class are disclosed according to the prescription of the doctor.
- Sedatives. Shown in cases where high blood pressure caused stress. Safe drugs on a plant include the extract of NovoPassit, Motherwort and Valerian in a tablet form.
- Some vitamin-mineral complexes and additives may be useful.
There are against -indications. An expert consultation is required.
All medications, dosages and duration of administration should be determined by the assistant doctor. Most drugs are released in pharmacies only according to revenues, as unstructured use can cause serious adverse reactions to death.
Prevention
Clinical recommendations for the prevention of hypertension are related to the elimination of all existing factors that can cause the development of the pathological process. First of all, it is recommended to minimize stressful situations, abandon bad habits, monitor body mass, limit salty and spicy nutrition products, regularly monitor pressure indicators, especially if there are risks of developing hypertension associated with a hereditary hereditaryfactor.
If essential hypertension has already been diagnosed, the patient receives anti -hypertensive drugs for regular intake, followed by control of blood pressure. Intending Blood pressure indicators according to current clinical protocols<130/80 mm hg